Costa Rica National Tourism Development Plan 2022 - 2027 One of the objectives of the Plan is to achieve, in the year 2027, an income of US$4.9 billion in foreign exchange and the arrival of 3.8 million tourists in the country by all routes. COSTA RICA | June 2022 With three major objectives for the growth and improvement of the Costa Rican tourism industry and for tourism to remain the leader of the national economy, the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT) presented the Costa Rica National Tourism Plan 2022-2027. “After months of joint work between the public and private sectors, we are pleased to have the guide that will allow us to continue promoting tourism and its chains, adapted to the new reality,” said William Rodríguez López, Minister of Tourism, when presenting the document. strategic in the Convention Center last Friday. The backbone of the 2022-2027 Plan is the renowned Costa Rican tourism development model that is based on three pillars: sustainability, innovation, and inclusiveness, and that seeks an equitable distribution of benefits to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life to which Costa Rica aspires as a nation. In addition, the Plan seeks to promote the country’s position as a valuable society, promote a shared vision of the future, and promote environmental, social and economic tasks. Rodolfo Lizano, director of Tourism Planning and Development at the ICT, explained that the vision set forth in the plan aims for tourism to continue to be one of the leading sectors of the national economy, and also to value, take advantage of and promote natural resources in a responsible manner. , cultural and human that are an essential part of the tourist experience that the country offers to both national and international tourists. “Together with this, that tourism be an inclusive, resilient activity that generates linkages, innovative, safe and high-quality services for local and foreign tourists, allowing them to connect with the Costa Rican essence, its riches, values and with the valuable society that we have built together,” added Lizano. Objectives to be achieved The Costa Rica National Tourism Plan 2022-2027 defined as its first objective, to promote a resilient tourism activity that makes sustainable use of tourism and cultural heritage. The aim is to have, by 2027, tourism destination management plans that integrate local tourism development, sustainable production and measures to combat climate change and its effects in all 32 Tourism Development Centers in the country. The second objective is to promote the distribution of demand in the 32 Tourism Development Centers of Costa Rica to continue improving the quality of life of the communities in the different regions. The goal in a period of five years is to reach and exceed the level of 70 points in the Social Progress Index in these centers. The third objective is to maintain tourism as the main engine of the Costa Rican economy and thereby achieve by 2027 an income of US$4.9 billion in foreign currency, the arrival of 3.8 million tourists in the country for all roads, and 400,000 cruise passengers disembarking in all the country’s ports. The six strategies for achieving goals are:
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By Meghan Keough Senior Director, Business Development Expedia Group Media Solutions 24 January 2023 It’s been a couple of challenging years for the hotel industry, but it seems as if the sun has finally broken on the horizon. With travel demand continuing to increase – 46% of consumers said travel is more important to them now than it was pre-pandemic – this offers more hotel advertising opportunities than the past few years. Our recent custom research gives us in-depth insights into what travelers are looking for, the latest hotel trends, and what travel professionals are prioritizing. Whether you’re a proprietor of a small property or a hotel revenue manager at a large chain, our findings will help you understand the current trends in the hospitality industry. Let’s take a deeper dive into the trends we’re seeing for the year, and how this can help you create the best marketing strategies to build and grow your business. Traveler and hotel industry trends Our research included 11,000 consumers and 1,100 travel professionals from 11 major markets. What we’ve learned from their responses is that travelers’ views have changed as the pandemic has waned. After the first wave of the pandemic was over, hotels successfully promoted the efforts they were making to ensure that cleanliness was a top priority to ease travelers’ concerns. One of the key findings in our research is that travelers are less concerned with health and cleanliness now than they were previously. While safety and cleanliness remain important, lower prices are now more of a priority than minimizing exposure to Covid and exceptional experiences are seen as being worth the price of travel. Source: Expedia Group Media Solutions The top three priorities for travelers when booking travel are:
While price is top of mind for travelers, many industry professionals don’t view the importance of price in the same light. Source: Expedia Group Media Solutions
More than one half of consumers place an emphasis on cost, but less than a quarter of industry professionals do. This cost-conscious approach to booking travel persists: 60% of consumers said “getting the right price” is the most important feature when they’re looking to book. People are also traveling with purpose. Top motivators for travelers include physical and mental health (49%), change of scenery (49%) and making up for lost time (46%). Think about how you can tie in cost savings at your property with the motivators consumers cite. For example, can you highlight cost-effective stays that provide a relaxing, retreat-like atmosphere or offers that combine experiences like scuba diving with exotic beachside accommodations. Business and international travel Interest in international travel has increased, with 50% of consumers likely to travel internationally in the next 12 months or have already booked a trip. This is a positive sign: In mid-2020 only 12% of people had the same travel plans. Business travel is also up: One third of consumers said they’re planning a business trip. With this growth in business travel, we’re also seeing the return of “bleisure” (extending a work trip) and “flexcations” (remote work extended stays). This provides an opportunity to connect with bleisure travelers who are looking for a vacation experience or appeal to remote workers by highlighting local experiences and sharing insider’s tips to the area. Optimistic outlook Hotel travel professionals have an optimistic outlook for 2023 and outrank other industries when it comes to believing that travel demand will return to previous levels this year – if they haven’t already returned. Our first-party data backs this up: In the second quarter of 2022, lodging bookings were the highest in Expedia Group history, with gross bookings up 8% from the second quarter of 2019. Sustainability and accessibility Travelers are interested in sustainability and inclusivity when they’re looking to book: 70% of consumers said they are more likely to choose travel options that are more inclusive – and this is where consumers depart from price sensitivity and said they would opt for inclusive options, even if it’s more expensive. When it comes to sustainability, two in three consumers said they want to know what sustainable policies are in place. Reno Gazette Journal: January 23 2023.
Nevada casinos are raking in more money than ever. And while the number of visitors landing in Las Vegas remains behind peak levels recorded pre-pandemic, that number is ticking upward. Shows are back. Conventions are back. And as far as Las Vegas tourism authorities are concerned, the pandemic is a thing of the past. But the Las Vegas of today remains in transition between then and now — in the middle of a reinvention that aims to shift its reputation from a desert city of sin to a global center of sports. The NHL, NFL and WNBA have already settled into town. F1 is on the way, and an MLB franchise may be poised to relocate there soon. All the while, the powers that be are trying to figure out a way to retrieve international travelers that have yet to fully return. And sports may be part of the solution. To get a sense of where Las Vegas tourism stands heading into 2023, the RGJ connected with someone who would know: Steve Hill, CEO of the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, the government agency tasked with getting people to the glittering tourism mecca. Here's what he had to say about everything from the lack of international travel from Asia, the state of conventions and the role of sports in the future of Las Vegas. This conversation has been edited for length and clarity. On possible challenges to the Las Vegas tourism industry in 2023: There are some potential headwinds, but so far the headwinds are there and we are just flying through them, and they’re not bothering us a whole lot. The tourism and hospitality industry nationally has done well despite concerns about a recession and inflation and things like that. The other couple (challenges) are the full recovery of international travel, particularly from Asia. And the war in Eastern Europe is generally a global concern — and those kinds of concerns aren’t helpful. All of those things reaching a conclusion, which will happen at some point, provides more opportunity going forward. On getting back to pre-pandemic visitor numbers: Vegas recovered back to a very healthy situation really quickly. From a visitation and occupancy standpoint, it’s not quite what it was in 2019, but it’s within 10 percent. After that, it becomes an incremental process. If you do the math on this right now, most of that is the lack of international visitation — largely from Asia. We’ve recovered now maybe about 80 percent of our international visitation. A lot of those international visitors are also our meeting and trade show visitors. They play a big role in filling rooms midweek. We’re roughly full on weekends. We still have some work to do in the midweeks. On the state of tourism and conventions after COVID-19: We’re so far past COVID as a concern. It’s really not affecting much of anything in Las Vegas at this point. The first citywide show we had was World of Concrete in June of 2021, so it’s been 20 months since that show took place. Over that period of time, everything has gone back to normal. Individual shows are probably on average about 80 or 85 percent of what they were from a size standpoint. People have gotten more comfortable with Zoom and Teams calls, but I think it has more to do with companies realizing, "Hey, we can save a little money" after having been through a pandemic. What CEOs of companies around the country whose companies participate in these trade shows are telling us is, "Yes, we think we’re going to be at 85 or 90 percent of the size they used to be." That is turning out to be what we’re seeing. On sports becoming the center of the Las Vegas experience: Sports is going to be at the center, along with the other great things that Las Vegas has to offer, going forward. We are going to be a center of the sports world. Vegas has drawn a lot of attention from some pretty interesting teams and leagues and events because of the success of the Golden Knights and the Raiders and the Aces and UFC. They have shown what the combination of sports and Las Vegas makes possible. It makes selling Las Vegas and sports a very easy thing. On the evolution of the identity of Las Vegas: We talk a lot in Vegas about Las Vegas reinventing itself. And I think we’ve gotten to the point where we are just adding great things and not necessarily jettisoning the great culinary scene or the great shopping or gaming or all the things that Vegas has become known for. But sports has really expanded the brand. On sports changing the reputation of Las Vegas: I hear this internationally when I travel about the old, stereotypical view of Las Vegas — that the further away you get, the more likely that stereotypical view of Las Vegas is going to be held. Sports — Formula 1 and the NFL in particular, because they are such global sports at this point — have started to really change how our international visitors view Las Vegas. And domestically, it’s just one really big, great thing to add to what Las Vegas has been. There is no city that is built in a better way for sports. The game in Philadelphia or Miami or Indianapolis can be a great game, but the experience around the game is so much different than it is in any other place in the world. Everything is walkable, you can have a great meal, you can go to a show, you can do anything you want around the game, where in most places you’re in traffic both before and after the game. And that has been a tremendous draw for the city. A new report from the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) and the Trip.com Group has revealed that 69 per cent of travellers are actively seeking sustainable travel options for 2023.
The same report also reveals that there is an increased appetite for sustainable tourism among consumers, SchengenVisaInfo.com reports. “In this follow-up report, WTTC joined forces again with a leading global travel service provider, Trip.com Group and its major consumer brands Trip.com, Ctrip and Skyscanner, with additional data sourced from Deloitte, to analyze the trends that shaped the Travel & Tourism sector last year and will continue to do so over 2023,” the statement issued by WTTC reads. The report, titled ‘A World on the Move: Changing Consumer Travel Trends to 2022 and Beyond’, shows that sustainability is a critical element of the travel agenda, with travellers aiming to reduce their carbon footprint and support sustainable tourism. Additionally, in a survey included in this report, three-quarters of travellers plan to travel more sustainably in the future. At the same time, nearly 60 per cent have chosen more sustainable travel options in the past two years. The other survey also found that about three-quarters of high-end travellers are ready to pay extra to make their trips more sustainable. Meanwhile, last year travellers made clear their desire to wander is very much alive, with a 109 per cent increase in overnight international arrivals compared to 2021. As WTTC explains, based on the report, in 2022, consumers were willing to stretch their vacation budget, with 86 per cent of travellers planning to spend the same amount or more on international travel than in 2019, with American tourists topping the list as the biggest spenders. Moreover, despite last year’s concern over the inflationary cost-of-living crisis, nearly a third, or 31 per cent, of travellers intend to spend more on international travel this year than in 2022. On the other hand, Deloitte’s report’ Global State of the Consumer Tracker’ has revealed that last year more than half, or 53 per cent of global consumers surveyed during the summer of 2022, said they plan to stay in a hotel during the next three months. In this regard, WTTC President and CEO Julia Simpson noted that the travel demand is currently stronger than ever, and this WTTC report shows that there will be a significant recovery this year. She also added that this year is set to be a solid year for Travel and Tourism. UNWTO Tourism Barometer Volume 21 Issue 1 ![]()
Geneva - The International Air Transport Association (IATA) announced that the air travel recovery continued through November 2022. Total traffic in November 2022 (measured in revenue passenger kilometers or RPKs) rose 41.3% compared to November 2021. Globally, traffic is now at 75.3% of November 2019 levels. International traffic rose 85.2% versus November 2021. The Asia-Pacific continued to report the strongest year-over-year results with all regions showing improvement compared to the prior year. November 2022 international RPKs reached 73.7% of November 2019 levels. Domestic traffic for November 2022 was up 3.4% compared to November 2021 with travel restrictions in China continuing to dampen the global result. Total November 2022 domestic traffic was at 77.7% of the November 2019 level. “Traffic results in November reinforce that consumers are thoroughly enjoying the freedom to travel. Unfortunately, the reactions to China’s reopening of international travel in January reminds us that many governments are still playing science politics when it comes to COVID-19 and travel. Epidemiologists, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and others have said that the reintroduction of testing for travelers from China can do little to contain a virus that is already present around the world. And China’s objections to these policy measures are compromised by their own pre-departure testing requirements for people traveling to China. Governments should focus on using available tools to manage COVID-19 effectively—including improved therapeutics and vaccinations—rather than repeating policies that have failed time and again over the last three years,” said Willie Walsh, IATA’s Director General. International Passenger Markets Asia-Pacific airlines had a 373.9% rise in November traffic compared to November 2021, which was the strongest year-over-year rate among the regions. Capacity rose 159.2% and the load factor was up 35.9 percentage points to 79.2%. European carriers’ November traffic climbed 45.3% versus November 2021. Capacity increased 25.1%, and load factor moved up 11.6 percentage points to 83.6%, highest among the regions. Middle Eastern airlines saw an 84.6% traffic rise in November compared to November 2021. November capacity increased 45.4% versus the year-ago period, and load factor climbed 16.5 percentage points to 77.7%. North American carriers experienced a 69.9% traffic rise in November versus the 2021 period. Capacity increased 45.5%, and load factor climbed 11.6 percentage points to 81.0%. Latin American airlines’ November traffic rose 59.2% compared to the same month in 2021. November capacity climbed 55.6% and load factor increased 1.9 percentage points to 82.9%. African airlines had an 83.5% rise in November RPKs versus a year ago. November 2022 capacity was up 48.4% and load factor climbed 14.2 percentage points to 74.3%, the lowest among regions. Domestic Passenger Markets Brazil’s domestic RPKs rose 5.1% in November compared to November 2021 and are now at 96.2% of 2019 levels.
US domestic traffic climbed 5.0% in November compared to November 2021, pushing it to 99% of the November 2019 level. Trends Travelers are set to make 2023 a big year for getting out and exploring the world. Excited about the year ahead, Booking.com has conducted extensive research to reveal the travel trends of 2023, including where travelers want to go, their inspirations for traveling, and how budget plays a big role in their plans. 2023 will be the year of reimagining travel As the world adapts to “the new normal” following a period of limited international travel and national lockdowns, travelers are eager to get out and see the world in earnest. As travel restrictions and Covid testing become a thing of the past, research reveals that 73% of people are more optimistic about travel than they were in 2022. While we head into 2023 in the midst of global economic and political uncertainty, almost three-quarters (72%) said traveling is still worth it. The most popular types of vacations and experiences in 2023 For many, a change of scenery and a chance to soak in some sun is enough of a reason to go on vacation. However, 2023 is likely to see a shift in why we’re looking to get away, as well as the types of vacations we take. Peace and pleasure pilgrimages A vacation is a great way to unwind and relax, but in 2023 many travelers want to take it one step further and use their adventures to treat their minds, bodies and souls. 42% of travelers want to go on a break that focuses on their mental and physical health, including retreats to smooth the processes of pregnancy and menopause. Almost half (44%) want to go on meditation or mindfulness retreats. Meanwhile, some travelers want to treat their bodies in other ways. Over a third (36%) want to go on an erotic escape and explore new kinks and ways of experiencing pleasure. 36% also revealed they want to try out psychedelic experiences with the help of cannabis or psychedelics like mushrooms or ayahuasca. This means 2023 could see more travelers heading to more countries where certain types of psychedelics are permitted, such as The Netherlands or Brazil. Virtual reality inspiring travel choices While the world isn’t ready to embrace sci-fi movie-esque travel just yet, it offers travelers a glimpse of what they can expect to see. 43% will use virtual reality to inspire their choices, with 46% more likely to travel somewhere they otherwise wouldn’t have if they could experience it virtually first. However, some are keen to spend multiple days in the Metaverse, with over a third (35%) revealing they’d take a multi-day AR or VR travel experience. As haptic feedback technology advances, virtual travelers will soon be able to feel the sand between their toes and the sun on their skin without even having to step outside. While this sounds exciting, it’s not enough to dissuade the majority (60%) of travelers, who agree that virtual travel isn’t as fulfilling as being there in person. This means our 2023 travel predictions don’t include travelers swapping sunglasses for VR goggles for the most part. Taking travel off-grid Following various international lockdowns in which many people weren’t allowed to leave their homes, let alone travel, we became reliant on technology for entertainment. Now that most restrictions have been lifted, travelers are keen to disconnect, with 55% wanting to spend their vacations off-grid. Survival! But it doesn’t just stop at wanting to disconnect from technology, with more and more people craving a back-to-basics experience, many travelers are expressing a desire to use their vacations in 2023 as an opportunity to learn survival skills (58%). This includes learning how to source clean water (53%), light a fire from scratch (42%), forage for food in the wild (39%) and even how to prep for an apocalypse (39%). Connecting with nature Sitting in front of a cozy, crackling fireplace somewhere deep in the woods and miles from the nearest microchip is many travelers’ idea of bliss. However, almost half (48%) would only consider going off-grid if it meant they could take a few luxuries and indulgences with them, and 53% revealed they’d need their phone and stable internet connection. Looking for culture shocks Many of us live our lives in a certain routine, and that includes our vacations. However, travelers are looking for a break from their routines, and 50% want to experience a culture shock in 2023. Embracing the unfamiliar When you find somewhere you enjoy traveling to, it can be tempting to revisit that same place on your next vacation, but in 2023 travelers intend to mix things up. Almost three-quarters (73%) want to experience travel out of their comfort zone, with 30% keen to explore lesser-known cities to find some hidden gems. Plenty of travelers (38%) want an out-of-this-world culture shock, and to go on the hunt for UFOs. This means there will likely be an increase in visitors to extra-terrestrial hotspots such as Roswell, New Mexico. Meanwhile, others may go further east: 47% of travelers are interested in exploring exotic delicacies such as the hottest chili pepper (the current world record is held by the California Reaper, bred in Rock Hill, South Carolina). Budget-savvy traveling With the global economy not showing any immediate signs of improvement as we head into 2023, travelers are becoming more budget-conscious, with 68% paying close attention to how much they’re spending on their adventures. However, despite the ongoing economic and energy crises, half (50%) say investing in a vacation is still a top priority. Prioritizing travel spend Following travel restrictions in 2020 and 2021, many travelers were able to save the money they would have otherwise spent on vacation. As a result, half (49%) will make up for it by spending more during their 2023 adventures, while 43% plan on indulging by splashing the cash to maximize their experience. A third (33%) revealed they like to indulge in shopping on vacation for things that aren’t available back home. How are travelers saving money when booking vacations? While many intend on living their best life while on vacation, travelers are finding ways to spend less in order to get there. Almost two-thirds (63%) will keep a close eye on deals and hacks, with more than half (53%) happy to travel off-season or via longer routes. That means 2023’s off-season may be a little busier than last year’s, while the summer may be somewhat quieter than usual. This may help spread the crowds at busy attractions such as Walt Disney World.
61% of people also intend on planning their vacations further in advance, so expect to see fewer last-minute travelers in 2023. Embracing ‘real life’ work travel The pandemic allowed businesses to see the positive impact remote working could have, which led to many employers embracing a “work from anywhere” mentality. While employees have enjoyed hitting the beach during their lunch hour or working on their laptops by the pool, working while traveling trends are set to change in 2023. Two-thirds (66%) of people want their trips to be strictly work-free in 2023. This is despite the 51% of people who want their employer to use the money saved from remote working to fund corporate travel or retreats. Perhaps this is something businesses should consider, as 59% believe exploring somewhere new will inspire them to be more productive at work and 44% believe that ‘real life’ work trips help bring people together. Nostalgic escapes Over the last couple of years, popular culture has seen a nostalgia resurgence of sorts, with 80s and 90s coming back into fashion. It seems as though the same will happen with travel in 2023, with almost nine in ten (88%) wanting to go on a nostalgic getaway. 23% of travelers want to escape to simpler times, when all we had to worry about was rewinding that rented VHS and how long the lines were for Space Mountain. 61% of travelers want to get their hearts racing with a trip to a theme park in 2023, with more than half (54%) planning on taking a family reunion-focused vacation. That means theme parks such as Universal Orlando Resort may be visited by multi-generational families in 2023. Top Trending Destinations for 2023 To help travelers discover the ultimate destinations to have on their radar in 2023, Booking.com has delved into global booking trends to share these top trending destinations for travelers to explore. São Paulo, Brazil 450km west of Rio de Janeiro is the fabulous city of São Paulo, which is home to some of the tallest skyscrapers in the country. It’s also filled with culture and is home to the São Paulo Museum of Art, the Museum of Ipiranga, the Football Museum and the Museum of the Portuguese Language. Of course, there are plenty of beach hotels in São Paulo for those looking to soak up the sun in between soaking up the culture. Budva, Montenegro Budva may be a small Montenegrin town on the Adriatic coast, but with picture-perfect views and beautiful sandy beaches, it offers a chance to relax by day and enjoy the eclectic party scene by night. Pondicherry, India Located on India’s southeastern coast, Pondicherry is a wonderful, laid-back town with a rich French history. With plenty of culture and opportunities to relax, there’s lots to see and do for adventurous tourists. Pondicherry has a wide range of independent stores for the quarter (25%) of travelers who want to incorporate local accessories into their style. Querétaro, Mexico Located in central Mexico, Querétaro may not have any beaches but it makes up for it with a variety of ecosystems, including rainforests, mountains and deserts. There are plenty of tours on offer around the city to keep you busy for days. Bolzano, Italy At the foot of the Italian Alps and just 85km from the Austrian border, Bolzano is an Italian medieval city that offers skiing, history and buzzing nightlife. Home to the Museum of Archaeology and mountainside Roncolo Castle, you won’t run out of things to see and do in this diverse and lively city. For the third (33%) of travelers who will be traveling with friends in 2023, Bolzano has plenty to keep you entertained both day and night. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Located on the northwestern coast of the island of Borneo, Kota Kinabalu, often referred to locally as KK, offers miles of exploration. From Kinabalu National Park to Mount Kinabalu, travelers can take walking tours to see orangutans in the wild. For those less adventurous days, there are plenty of white sandy beaches offering views across the South China Sea. Kota Kinabalu is perfect for the 21% of travelers who said they want to spend their 2023 vacation relaxing on a beach. Kalabaka, Greece Nestled at the feet of rocky mountains, Kalabaka is a Greek destination steeped in religious history and culture. The monasteries of Saint Barbara Roussanou and Meteora are sights that have to be seen to be believed, built in the 11th century at the peak of towering rock formations. There are also plenty of museums to visit to feed inquisitive minds, including the Natural History Museum, the Geological Formation Museum and the Hellenic Culture Museum. Santa Fe, United States From skiing during the winter months to exploring some of the 1.6 million acres that make up the Santa Fe National Forest in spring and summer, there’s so much to experience in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Renowned as an art city, there’s also a variety of galleries and museums to visit, from textiles and folk art at the Museum of International Folk Art to the inspiring work by Georgia O'Keeffe at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum. Olomouc, Czech Republic Many travelers head to the Czech Republic for exhilarating nightlife in cities such as Prague. However, 235 miles away, the city of Olomouc is packed with incredible architecture and quaint streets lined with restaurants and cafes. There’s also history and culture to experience, including the Museum of Modern Art and the 12th-century St. Wenceslas Cathedral. Hobart, Australia Hobart is a town in southern Tasmania on the banks of the River Derwent. To the west is Mount Wellington, a 4,170-foot mountain that provides jaw-dropping views across Wellington Park and the surrounding areas. The town also has a lively nightlife, with a selection of bars, clubs and restaurants, making Hobart the perfect location for the 72% of travelers open to nightlife-centric vacations. Methodology Travel Predictions 2023 research was commissioned by Booking.com and conducted among a sample of adults who plan to travel for business or leisure in the next 12-24 months. In total, 24,179 respondents across 32 countries and territories were polled (including 1,014 from Argentina, 1006 from Australia, 505 from Austria, 504 from Belgium, 1,009 from Brazil, 503 from Canada, 1,009 from China, 1010 from Colombia, 505 from Croatia, 505 from Denmark, 1,010 from France, 1,001 from Germany, 500 from Hong Kong, 1,005 from India, 504 from Ireland, 504 from Israel, 1,008 from Italy, 1,003 from Japan, 504 from Mexico, 502 from The Netherlands, 1,007 from New Zealand, 1,009 from Portugal, 507 from Singapore, 1,008 from South Korea, 1,001 from Spain, 505 from Sweden, 508 from Switzerland, 500 from Taiwan, 504 from Thailand, 1,006 from the UK, 1,009 from the US and 504 from Vietnam). Respondents completed an online survey in August 2022. |
Jim Hepple is an Assistant Professor at the University of Aruba and is Managing Director of Tourism Analytics. Archives
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